Epidemic infection of bird flu in humans began in 2005, where 20 cases occurred, 13 of them died. Number of cases the victim dies and reaches its peak in 2006, where 55 cases occurred, 45 of them died.
Bird Flu Infection
Bird flu outbreak in humans, occurs because the bird flu virus type H5N1 in humans go through the respiratory tract. H5N1 virus is the type of influenza virus that attacks the birds, but also ordinary people are now infected.
Influenza virus infection is also known as a disease that is easily spread. Spread primarily through dropet (cipratan) lenders and direct contact with influenza patients lenders.
Variations influenza virus based on the variations of the surface antigen 2, the H antigen (hyaluronidase, are well known 9 sub type) antigen and N (neuraminidase, have been 15 known sub-type).
Variations in sub-type influenza virus also causes the emergence of various types of variations in species sensitive to this virus infection. Influenza virus can attack poultry, pigs, whales and humans.
Diagnosis
Humans infected by bird flu virus does not have the typical clinical symptoms. Infectious diseases in the first stage of the disease, such as common influenza, the fever, headache, and cough. In the development of the disease, heat does not come down and show characteristic is the throttle quickly grow worse.
Anamnesa history about the possibility of contact with poultry is very important in diagnose bird flu before the laboratory examination can be done.
AI H5N1 cases in humans clarified in 3 types, according to the diagnosis, namely suspek AI, protable cases, and cases of confirmation.
1. Suspek suspicion.
When someone suffering hot fever 38 degrees Celsius accompanied by one or more of the following symptoms: cough, sore throat, runny nose, shortness of breath (pant) with one or more conditions below:
a. Had contact with sick birds / who died suddenly have not known the cause and poultry products (eggs, offal), including the dirt in the last 7 days before symptoms arise. The contact is the caring, cleaning stalls, turn, kill, take.
b. Lived in a location that is the death of poultry that are not usual in the last 7 days.
c. Had contact with patients.
d. Had contact with AI H5N1 specimens
e. Of the lekopenia (less 5000/μ1)
f. Of the H5 antibody against the examination Hemaglutinase Inhibition (HI) test using horse eritrosit
2. Case Protabale
Is a case that meets the criteria suspek with one or more of the following:
a. Of the antibody titer increased 4 times with the examination of the H5 HI test using horse eritrosit or ELISA test
b. Laboratory results for H5 influenza (H5-specific antibody was detected in single serum specimens) using neutralisasi test.
3. Case Confirmation
Suspek case is possible or fell ill with one or more conditions below:
a. influenza A/H5N1 virus culture-positive
b. PCR positive influenza A/H5N1
c. On Imunofluorescence (IFA) antibody test is found positive with the monoclonal antigen influenza A/H5N1
d. The increase in titer antibody specific to the H5N1 influenza konvalensen phase of 4 times or more compared with the acute phase with mocroneutralization test.
So in this case, the certainty of diagnosis of this infection can be based on laboratory examinations that can prove the existence of virus infection on the patient, namely the existence of the virus directly or check with the antibody anti-bird flu virus in the patient.
Antibody is an examination of the results quickly with the cost of a cheap and easy tekhnik done using a sample of blood serum. Antibody is an immune system that is very specific, which was formed as a response by the human when there is a foreign object (the virus) into the body. Because only the response of infection, then the new antibody will be detected in the blood after about 1 week sick.
On examination this antibody can be used as evidence of infection at the second examination (or healing phase konvalesen) increase in titer obtained at least 4 times or more compared to the titer in the acute phase of infection.
So anatibodi for examination diagnose bird flu, although actually quite specific, but can not help in handling people and handling epidemiologis (to prevent the spread of disease). Because in the days to the 14 people already in the healing phase or has even died.
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